CABG (Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting)

Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG), commonly known as heart bypass surgery, is a surgical procedure used to improve blood flow to the heart muscle. It is performed when one or more coronary arteries become narrowed or blocked due to the buildup of fatty deposits (plaque), a condition known as Coronary Artery Disease (CAD).

During CABG, a healthy blood vessel from another part of the body is used to create a new pathway (bypass) around the blocked artery, allowing oxygen-rich blood to reach the heart muscle.

Your doctor may recommend CABG if you have:

Severe blockage in one or more coronary arteries

Chest pain (angina) that does not improve with medications

Multiple blocked heart arteries

Reduced blood flow to the heart muscle

Heart attack caused by blocked coronary arteries

Coronary artery disease not suitable for angioplasty or stenting

Common symptoms that may indicate coronary artery disease include:

Chest pain or pressure

Shortness of breath

Fatigue

Pain in the neck, jaw, shoulder, or arm

Dizziness or lightheadedness

Heart palpitations

Some individuals may have no symptoms until a heart attack occurs.

The procedure is performed under general anesthesia and typically involves the following steps:

A healthy blood vessel is taken from the leg, arm, or chest.

The surgeon creates a bypass around the blocked coronary artery.

Blood flow is restored to the heart muscle through the new pathway.

Depending on the number of blocked arteries, a patient may require a single, double, triple, or quadruple bypass.

The surgery usually takes several hours and requires hospitalization.

Improves blood flow to the heart

Reduces chest pain (angina)

Lowers the risk of future heart attacks

Improves quality of life

Helps patients return to daily activities

May increase survival in certain high-risk patients

Recovery varies from person to person, but generally includes:

Hospital stay of about 5–7 days

Gradual return to normal activities over several weeks

Cardiac rehabilitation program

Taking prescribed medications regularly

Following a heart-healthy diet

Regular follow-up with a cardiologist

Most patients can resume normal daily activities within 6–12 weeks, depending on their overall health.

To maintain heart health after surgery:

Stop smoking

Eat a balanced, heart-healthy diet

Exercise regularly as advised by your doctor

Maintain a healthy weight

Control blood pressure, diabetes, and cholesterol

Manage stress effectively

Yes. CABG is a major heart surgery performed by a cardiothoracic surgeon.

Many bypass grafts can function well for 10–20 years or longer, depending on lifestyle and overall health.

New blockages can develop over time if risk factors such as smoking, diabetes, and high cholesterol are not controlled.

The choice depends on the number and location of blockages, overall heart function, and the patient's condition. Your cardiologist will recommend the most suitable treatment.

Many patients return to an active and productive life after recovery, especially when they follow a healthy lifestyle and medical advice.

Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) is a well-established surgical procedure that helps restore blood flow to the heart in patients with severe coronary artery disease. Early diagnosis, appropriate treatment, and healthy lifestyle changes can significantly improve long-term heart health and quality of life.